Vertigo is the sensation that the outer world is revolving about oneself (objective) or that one is moving in space (subjective). It is often related to chronic disease conditions and to side effects of some medications. The three most common causes of elderly vertigo resulting in balance issues are:Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) in which a sensation of spinning is involved; Labyrinthitis (an inflammation within the inner ear); and Ménière’s Disease (characterized by episodes of vertigo, ringing in the ears, and hearing loss). Rest is the immediate solution to vertigo, as soon as the symptoms are felt.

Vertigo must not be ignored. Falling is the leading cause of injury-related death for seniors and broken bones from falling can lead to a loss of independence. Physiologic changes in aging increase the need for safety precautions. Sound nutritional and health habits—including regular exercise that increases strength, balance, endurance, and body awareness, can go a long way toward preventing balance trouble. Walking and tai-chi are recommended. Making sure that your environment is safe (with adequate lighting, secure footing, clear pathways, handrails and anti-skid devices in bathrooms, etc.) can help prevent falls and their attendant injuries. Keep items within reach to avoid overreaching. If possible, avoid caffeine and alcohol.

You need to treat any of the following symptoms, along with vertigo, as a medical emergency: double vision or abnormal eye movements; high fever, severe headache or stiff neck; convulsions or vomiting; difficulty speaking; head trauma; loss of consciousness; sudden weakness or inability to move an arm or leg; and chest pain or shortness of breath.

If you have vertigo, you need to have a comprehensive medical evaluation to understand what is causing your vertigo or balance problem. An otolaryngologist is especially well-positioned to help you with a thorough medical history, diagnostic tests and timely treatment.